Which Exit?: Walter Edge and the New Jersey Machine He Joined, Broke and Erased

“Walter Edge is a terribly dangerous guy to sit down with in a back room.”
In 1916 three men sat in a room and cut a deal that decided who would run New Jersey for the next thirty years. You have heard of two of them. One ran Atlantic City. One ran Jersey City. And the third one, the one they made governor, you have never heard of at all.

That was not an accident.

Walter Edge was governor of New Jersey twice, a United States senator, and ambassador to France between the wars. He broke the deadlock that built the Holland Tunnel and the Benjamin Franklin Bridge, set the Port Authority in motion, and at seventy came out of retirement to break the most powerful political boss in America and set going the greatest overhaul of New Jersey government in its history.

You have met him twice without knowing it. On *Boardwalk Empire* he is a supporting player in a good suit. In the Bridgegate scandal, "Wally Edge" is the alias a political operative wore while helping jam the George Washington Bridge, which is run by the agency Edge built.

Then he sat down and wrote three hundred and forty-nine pages about his own life, and left the two men who made him out of it. Not a mention. Not an index entry.

*Which Exit?* is the first biography of Walter Edge, and an account of how history gets manufactured by the people who are making it. It follows the machine that produced him from a saloon on Atlantic Avenue in 1900 to a ballot struck down in federal court in 2024, and asks why nothing anyone has ever done to that machine has stopped it.